Serum total Calcium to Magnesium ratio is higher in Sickle cell disease patients with proteinuria than without proteinuria

  • Abiodun Mathias Emokpae Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6266-1774
  • Babatunde Ishola Gabriel Adejumo Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City.
Keywords: Serum calcium, magnesium, proteinuria, sickle cell disease

Abstract

 Intracellular imbalance in the levels of calcium to magnesium ratio could lead to clinical complications in Sickle cell disease patients (SCD). Proteinuria is common in SCD patients especially with increasing age and may affect the intracellular level of calcium to magnesium ratio. This study evaluates the total calcium to magnesium ratio in SCD patients with proteinuria and compared to those without proteinuria. Serum total calcium and magnesium were determined using colorimetric method, while urine protein was assayed using urinalysis dipstick and sulphosalicylic turbidometric method. Out of the 100 SCD patients, urine protein was detected and assayed in 27 while 73 were negative for urinary protein. Total calcium to magnesium ratio and urine protein were significantly higher (p<0.001), while magnesium (p<0.001) and calcium (p<0.01) were significantly lower in SCD patients with proteinuria compared to those without proteinuria. Total calcium to magnesium ratio correlated positively (r=0.38;p<0.05) with proteinuria in SCD patients. Total calcium to magnesium ratio is higher in SCD patients with proteinuria than without proteinuria. Routine calculation of this ratio could be helpful in assessing the intracellular balance of calcium and magnesium in the management of SCD patients.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Dai Q, Shu X-O, Deng X, Xiang Y, Li H,Yang G et al. Modifying effect of calcium/magnesium intake ratio and mortality: a population-based cohort study. BMJ 2013;3:e002111.

De Franceschi L, Beuzard Y, Jouault H, Brugnara C. Modulation of erythrocyte potassium chloride cotransport, potassium content and density by dietary magnesium intake in transgenic SAD mouse. Blood 1996;88(7):2738-2744.

Brugnara C, Tosteson DC. Inhibition of K transport by divalent cations in sickle erythrocytes. Blood 1987;70(6):1810-1815.

Mairbaurl H, Hoffman JF. Internal magnesium 2,3-diphosphoglycerate and the regulation of the steady state volume of human red blood cells by the Na/K/2Cl cotransport system. J Gen Physiol 1992;99(5):721-746.

Glade BE, Nathan DG. Cation permeability alterations during sickling:relationship to cation composition and cellular hydration of irreversibly sickled cells. Blood 1978;51(5):983-989.

Emokpae MA, Musa MO. Impact of hemoglobin on micronutrients in sickle cell anemia. J Appl Hematol 2015; 6:74-78.

Zehtabchi S, Sinert R, Rinnert S, Chang B, Heinis C, Altura RA et al. Serum Magnesium levels and ionized calcium to magnesium ratios in adult patients with Sickle cell anemia. Am J Hematol 2004; 77:215-222.

Emokpae MA, Uadia PO. Association of Oxidative Stress markers with Atherogenic Index of Plasma in adult Sickle Cell nephropathy. Anemia,2012 (767501):1-5.

Isoa EM. Current Trends in the management of sickle cell disease: An overview. Benin J Postgrad Med 2009; 11:50-64.

De Jong PE, de Jong-van den Berg TW, Sewrajsingh AS et al. The influence of indomethacin on renal hemodynamics in sickle cell anemia. Clin Sci 1980; 59:245-250.

Day TG, Drasar ER, Fulford T, Sharpe CC, Thein SL. Association between hemolysin and albuminuria in adults with sickle cell anemia. Haematologia 2012; 97(2):201-205.

Willcorks JP, Mulquiney PJ, Ellory JC, Veech RL, Radda GK, Clark K. Simultaneous determination of low free mg2+and pH in human sickle cells using 31pNMR spectroscopy. J Biol Chem 2002; 277(51):49911-49920.

Brugnara C, Bunn HF, Tosteson DC. Regulation of erythrocyte cation and water content in sickle cell anemia. Science 1986;232(4748):388-390.

Resnick LM, Altura BT, Gupta RK, Larang JH, Alderman MH, Altura BM. Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in type 2 (non-insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 1993;36(8):767-770.

Altura BM, Altura BT. Magnesium in cardiovascular biology. Scientific Am Sci Med 1995;2:28-37.

Altura BT, Memon ZI, Zhang A et al. Low levels of serum ionized magnesium are found in patients early stroke which result in rapid elevation in cytosolic free calcium and spasm in cerebral vascular muscle cells. Neurosci let 1997;230(1):37-40.

Prasad A, Ortega J, Brewer GJ, Oberleas D, Schoomaker EB. Trace elements in Sickle cell disease. JAMA 1976;235:2396-2398.

Akenami FOT, Aken’Ova YA, Osifo BO. Serum Zinc copper and magnesium in Sickle cell disease at Ibadan, south Western Nigeria. Afr J Med Sci 1999; 28:137-139.

Oladipo OO, Temiye EO, Ezeaka VC, Obomanu P. Serum magnesium, phosphate and calcium in Nigeria children with Sickle cell disease. West Afr J Med 2005; 24(2):120-123.

National Institutes of Health. The Management of Sickle cell Disease in: National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, 4th edn, NIH publication No 02-2117, 2002,p.123-128.

Ohnishi ST, Ohnishi T, Ogunmola GB. Green tea extract and aged garlic extract inhibit anion transport and sickle cell dehydration in vitro.Blood Cells Mol Dis 2001;27(1):148-157.

Olukoga AO, Adewoye HO, Erasmus RT, Adodoyin MA. Erythrocyte and plasma magnesium in sickle cell anaemia. East Afr Med J 1990; 67(5):348-354.

De Franceschi L, Bachir D, Galactoros F, Tchernia G, Cynobar T, Alper S, Platt O, Beuzard Y, Brugnara C. Oral magnesium pidolate:effects of long-term administration in patients with sickle cell disease.Br J Haematol 2000;108(2):284-289.

Published
2016-03-20
Section
Original Articles